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<title>Labio-palatalization</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Labio-palatalization</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Labio-palatalized</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌ᶣ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌ʲʷ</span></span></th></tr></tbody></table>
<p>A <b>labio-palatalized</b> sound is one that is simultaneously <a href="Labialization" title="Labialization">labialized</a> and <a href="Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a>. Typically the <a href="Roundedness" title="Roundedness">roundedness</a> is compressed, like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y]</span>, rather than protruded like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span>. The symbol in the <a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> for this <a href="Secondary_articulation" title="Secondary articulation">secondary articulation</a> is ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ᶣ</span>⟩, a superscript ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɥ</span>⟩, the symbol for the <a href="Labialized_palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialized palatal approximant">labialized palatal approximant</a>. If such sounds pattern with other, labialized, consonants, they may instead be transcribed as palatalized consonants plus labialization, ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʷ</span>⟩, as with the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sʲʷ]</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sᶣ]</span> of <a href="Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a> or the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nʲʷ]</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nᶣ]</span> of <a href="Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a>.
</p><p>A voiced labialized palatal approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɥ]</span> occurs in <a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> and <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>, but elsewhere is uncommon, as it is generally dependent upon the presence of front <a href="Rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rounded vowel">rounded vowels</a> such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>]</span>, which are themselves not common.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a labialized palatal approximant and labio-palatalized consonants appear in some languages without front rounded vowels in the Caucasus and in West Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as Abkhaz, and as <a href="Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a> of labialized consonants before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span>, including the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tsᶣ]</span> at the beginning of the language name <i>Twi.</i> In Russian, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> trigger labialization of any preceding consonant, including palatalized consonants, so that <i>нёс</i> 'he carried' is phonetically <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nᶣɵs]</span>.
</p><p><a href="Iaai_language" title="Iaai language">Iaai</a> has a <a href="Voiceless_labialized_palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless labialized palatal approximant">voiceless labialized palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɥ̊/</span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labial–palatal_consonants">Labial–palatal consonants</h2></div>
<p>Truly co-articulated <b>labial–palatal consonants</b> such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p͡c,<span class="wrap"> </span>b͡ɟ,<span class="wrap"> </span>m͡ɲ]</span> are theoretically possible.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the closest sounds attested from the world's languages are the <a href="Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_consonant" title="Labial–alveolar consonant">labial–postalveolar consonants</a> of <a href="Y%C3%A9l%C3%AE_Dnye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yélî Dnye language">Yélî Dnye</a> in New Guinea, which are sometimes transcribed as labial–palatals.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Labialized_palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialized palatal approximant">Labio-palatal approximant</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFMaddieson1984" class="citation book cs1">Maddieson, Ian (1984). <i>Patterns of Sounds</i>. Cambridge Studies in Speech Science and Communication. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-521-26536-3</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaddieson1984" class="citation book cs1">Maddieson, Ian (1984). <i>Patterns of Sounds</i>. pp. 92, 292.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2003" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Darin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/dm/featgeom/howe-segphon-book.pdf"><i>Segmental phonology</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Calgary. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>8.</cite></span>
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</style><div id="Articulation335" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articulation</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Articulatory_phonetics" title="Articulatory phonetics">Articulatory phonetics</a> – <a href="Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulation</a> – <a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a></li>
<li><a href="Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a></li>
<li><a href="Interdental_consonant" title="Interdental consonant">Interdental</a></li>
<li><a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a></li>
<li><a href="Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">Denti-alveolar</a></li>
<li><a href="Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a></li>
<li><a href="Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a>
<ul><li><a href="Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active place</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical</a></li>
<li><a href="Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal</a></li>
<li><a href="Subapical_consonant" title="Subapical consonant">Subapical</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo-palatal</a></li>
<li><a href="Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a></li>
<li><a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a></li>
<li><a href="Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a></li>
<li><a href="Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Doubly_articulated_consonant" title="Doubly articulated consonant">Double articulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–coronal</a>
<ul><li><a href="Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_consonant" title="Labial–alveolar consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></li>
<li><a href="Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Labial%E2%80%93palatal_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial–palatal consonant">Labial–palatal</a></li>
<li><a href="Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></li>
<li><a href="Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></li>
<li><a href="Coronal%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Coronal–velar consonant">Coronal–velar</a></li>
<li><a href="Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Speech_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech pathology">Pathological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Velopharyngeal_consonant" title="Velopharyngeal consonant">Velopharyngeal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bidental_consonant" title="Bidental consonant">Bidental</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Obstruent" title="Obstruent">Obstruent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></li>
<li><a href="Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a></li>
<li><a href="Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>
<ul><li><a href="Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sonorant" title="Sonorant">Sonorant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></li>
<li><a href="Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowel</a></li>
<li><a href="Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a>
<ul><li><a href="Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Vibrant_consonant" title="Vibrant consonant">Vibrant</a>
<ul><li><a href="Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a></li>
<li><a href="Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">Liquid</a>
<ul><li><a href="Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a></li>
<li><a href="Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Occlusive" title="Occlusive">Occlusive</a></li>
<li><a href="Continuant" title="Continuant">Continuant</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">Airstream</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Egressive_sound" title="Egressive sound">Egressive</a></li>
<li><a href="Ingressive_sound" title="Ingressive sound">Ingressive</a></li>
<li><a href="Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></li>
<li><a href="Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></li>
<li><a href="Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a>
<ul><li><a href="Pulmonic-contour_clicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic-contour clicks">Pulmonic</a></li>
<li><a href="Ejective-contour_clicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejective-contour clicks">Ejective</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Percussive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussive consonant">Percussive</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Secondary_articulation" title="Secondary articulation">Secondary <br>articulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Labialization" title="Labialization">Labialization</a>
<ul><li><a href="Roundedness" title="Roundedness">Rounding</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">Palatalization</a></li>
<li><a href="Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarization</a></li>
<li><a href="Uvularization" title="Uvularization">Uvularization</a></li>
<li><a href="Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">Pharyngealization</a></li>
<li><a href="Glottalization" title="Glottalization">Glottalization</a></li>
<li><a href="Nasalization" title="Nasalization">Nasalization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tongue_shape" title="Tongue shape">Tongue shape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sulcalization" title="Sulcalization">Sulcal</a></li>
<li><a href="Domed_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Domed consonant">Domed</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a>
<ul><li><a href="Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">Aspirated</a></li>
<li><a href="Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Voice_onset_time" title="Voice onset time">Voice onset time</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Phonation" title="Phonation">Phonation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">Modal</a></li>
<li><a href="Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">Breathy</a></li>
<li><a href="Slack_voice" title="Slack voice">Slack</a></li>
<li><a href="Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">Creaky</a></li>
<li><a href="Stiff_voice" title="Stiff voice">Stiff</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)189" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li>
<li><a href="History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li>
<li><a href="Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li>
<li><a href="Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li>
<li><a href="Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li>
<li><a href="Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li>
<li><a href="Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li>
<li><a href="Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a>
<ul><li><a href="SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li>
<li><a href="X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li>
<li><a href="Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li>
<li><a href="Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li>
<li><a href="IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a></b>
<table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style="">
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> →
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a>
</th></tr>
<tr class="wrap wraplinks">
<th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a>
</th>
<th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a>
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">n̪̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Relative_articulation#Advanced_and_retracted" title="Relative articulation">n̠̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar nasal">n̠</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_dental_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental affricate">t̪s̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental affricate">d̪z̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant fricative">z̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a>
</th>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced bilabial approximant">β̞</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental approximant">ð̞</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar approximant">ɹ̠</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced uvular approximant">ʁ̞</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a>
</th>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a>
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar trill">r̠</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Lateral fricative
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_dental_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental lateral fricative">ɬ̪</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Lateral approximant
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l̪</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant">l̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_postalveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant">l̠</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">ɭ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">ʎ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">ʟ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="IPA-common-notes">
<div class="hlist">
<ul><li>IPA help</li>
<li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"></a></span> <a href="IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li>
<li>template</li></ul>
</div>
<p>Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. <span style="display: inline-block;">Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Non-pulmonic consonants</b>
<table role="presentation" class="" style="">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style="">
<tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks">
<th colspan="2">
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a>
</th>
<th scope="row"><a href="Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a>
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ʡʼ</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a>
</th>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Lateral fricative
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a><br>(top: velar;<br>bottom: uvular)
</th>
<th scope="row"><a href="Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ<br>qʘ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ<br>qǀ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ<br>qǃ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊<br>q𝼊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ<br>qǂ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ<br>ɢʘ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ<br>ɢǀ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ<br>ɢǃ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊<br>ɢ𝼊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ<br>ɢǂ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ<br>ɴʘ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ<br>ɴǀ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ<br>ɴǃ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊<br>ɴ𝼊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ<br>ɴǂ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a></span><br>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ<br>qǁ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Voiced lateral
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ<br>ɢǁ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Nasal lateral
</th>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ<br>ɴǁ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-shaded">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a>
</th>
<th scope="row">Voiced
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a>
</th>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-norightborder">
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td class="IPA-common-noleftborder">
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="IPA-common-notes">
<div class="hlist">
<ul><li>IPA help</li>
<li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"></a></span> <a href="IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li>
<li>template</li></ul>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a></b>
<table role="presentation" class="" style="">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style="">
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div>
</div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labialized velar</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>Sj</i>-sound</a> (variable)</div>
</div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div>
</div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div>
<div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></span></div>
<div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="IPA-common-notes">
<div class="hlist">
<ul><li>IPA help</li>
<li><a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li>
<li>template</li></ul>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li>
<li><a href="Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li>
<li><a href="Voiceless_bidental_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li>
<li><a href="Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li>
<li><a href="Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li>
<li><a href="Voiceless_upper-pharyngeal_plosive" title="Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive">Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʡ̟]</span></li>
<li><a href="Voiced_upper-pharyngeal_plosive" title="Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive">Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʡ̟̬]</span></li>
<li><a href="Bilabial_percussive" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial percussive">Bilabial percussive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʬ]</span></li>
<li><a href="Bidental_percussive" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidental percussive">Bidental percussive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʭ]</span></li>
<li><a href="Sublaminal_lower-alveolar_percussive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive">Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[¡]</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style="">
<tbody><tr>
<th>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a>
</th>
<th scope="col"><a href="Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a>
</th>
<td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><span class="IPA-vowels-image skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a>
</th>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a>
</th>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a>
</th>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a>
</th>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a>
</th>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a>
</th>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div></div></div>
</td>
<td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></span></div>
<div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div>
<div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="IPA-common-notes">
<div class="hlist">
<ul><li>IPA help</li>
<li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"></a></span> <a href="IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">audio</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li>
<li>template</li></ul>
</div>
<p>Legend: <a href="Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded <span style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);">•</span> rounded</a>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><br>
</p>
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